Sol-gel method: Zirconium compounds are first converted into a sol, which is then gelled to form gel fibers; subsequent high-temperature sintering yields zirconia ceramic fibers. Fibers produced via this method feature high purity and uniform diameters, making them suitable for high-performance products, though the process is complex and costly.
Electrospinning method: An electrostatic field is used to spin a solution containing zirconium salts and polymers into nanofibers, followed by high-temperature calcination to remove the polymer. This method produces fibers with small diameters and high specific surface areas-ideal for applications requiring precise microstructures-but suffers from low production efficiency.
Melt spinning method: Zirconia raw material is heated until molten, extruded through a spinneret to form fibers, and then cooled and solidified. This method offers high production efficiency and is suitable for large-scale manufacturing, although the fiber properties are slightly inferior to those produced by the sol-gel method.
